See my other comment (sorry, Voyager seems to generate weird share links).
While violence at schools does exist in Europe, the numbers just don’t compare to the US.
And don’t forget! The US has stabbings too, its just that you have so many shootings that a stabbing won’t make the news.
Also, what are “grooming gangs”?
I’ve never used CasaOS, so I can’t help you with that, but I run NetBird for remote access to my homelab. What you’re describing sounds to me like an issue I used to have with Tailscale.
I think NetBird might be trying to route your traffic through a STUN/TURN server to get around a NAT or firewall. A NAT (in case you haven’t heard of it) is a sort of “mapping” from one IPv4 address to many IPv4 addresses. Its used to "make more "addresses, otherwise we would have run out decades ago. (this is a simplification, its actually much more complicated)
The first thing to check here is: Are you behind a CG-NAT? (there’s probably some websites to check this)
If yes, then there is little you can do without setting up a VPS to get around it.
If that’s not it, then you’ll have to figure out how CasaOS handles networking internally. Your services might be behind a NAT inside.
As for ressources/information, I mostly stuck to the official docs.