See entry level people believe it’s fundamentals. Smarter people understand that it’s reading people and knowing when they’re dumb enough to invest and knowing when to bail before they wise up. So if you think about it in those respects, it is indeed an honest to goodness “real” thing. People are really being ripped off by con-artist.

But yeah, the days of the 1890s to 1930s of structured investment, measured risk, and mitigation of the unforeseen, those days are dead. There aren’t market fundamentals outside of being able to identify rubes.